Content
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ACTUAL QUESTIONS OF SCIENCE
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Lezina O.V., Ternovaya L.O. The impact of the reform of higher education on the life starts of its graduates
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14
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Stepanova M.A. The development of social infrastructure in remote regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): the case of the Olenyoksky District
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21
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Chekhoeva A.I. Analysis of the regulatory framework of the federal public authority as a tool for the implementation of its individual powers
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28
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Chindoti Spinks The current state of the sphere of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Zimbabwe
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35
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Schimelfenig O.V. Comparative analysis of the constructivism concepts with the plot-game paradigma
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46
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RELIGION AND SOCIETY
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Zhu Xiangyu The Church hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Clergy
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54
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Asratian D.K. Translation of the Bible into Ossetian as a dialogue of nations and cultures
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61
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Frolenkova I.U. Types and forms of conversion of religious neophytes (modern reading of the philosophy of W. James)
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66
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CULTURAL STUDIES
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| Miroshnichenko E.V., Posokhova N.V., Kushchenko E.S. Formation of leisure activity of young people in the activities of the subjects of the rural socio-cultural cluster | 73 |
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Kalashnikova N.N., Merezhko M.E., Grichanikova I.A. The mechanism of creativity and methods of development of creative abilities of children in cultural and leisure institutions
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81
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Beletskaya E.A., Merezhko M.E., Enina S.A. Cultural and leisure activities of modern libraries as a socio-cultural institute
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88
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Shpinarskaia E.N. Existence and dialogue: the experience of analyzing two lyrical texts
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95
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Genenko O.N., Zenin S.N., Mironova M.V. Theoretical basis and promotion of public relations in the sphere of culture
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101
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Zavyalova A.N. Artistic styling and interpretation of art Ancient Egypt in Art Nouveau style
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109
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Borisova I.Z. «Becassin syndrome» in Bretons culture
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116
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SOCIOLOGY
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Gordeeva E.N. The concept of role in the context of linguistic studies: an anthropocentric approach
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121
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Jamaev A.M., Baibatyrov Magomed-Bashir Abdul-Khamidovich Spiritual values of modern youth in conditions globalization
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127
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Zimina E.V., Khaustov D.S. For rent and capitalism: inclusion and justice in the shadow of the social conflict resolution experience
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134
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Smirnova O.V. Integration of migrants as a socio-cultural problem
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140
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Pavlova T.A. Conditions for the formation of social security with the use of positive - negative attitudes
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146
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Kozyrkov V.P., Evstropova S.V. Problematization and sociological conceptualization of the formation of an integral system of medical and social work with disabled people
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159
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Ivanova L.A. The concept of the political elite: a sociological aspect
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169
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PHILOSOPHY, SOCIOLOGY: ACTUALITY AND INNOVATION
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Kalabekova S.V., Orekhova N.A. The phenomenon of tolerance: historical and philosophical analysis
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175
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Khiltukhina E.G. Ideal, idea as an aesthetic factor of development (according to G.V.F. Hegel)
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187
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Grineva O.A. Human information overload in the information society
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193
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Isaev A.V. Improvement and transformation: Russian philosophy about the moral meaning of life
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200
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Omelaenko V.V. The problem of the search for political interest within the framework of the liberal trend in Russia in the mid-XIX – early XX centuries
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211
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Abstracts
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223
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Authors
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237
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Abstracts
Lezina O.V.
Ternovaya L.O.
The impact of the reform of higher education on the life starts of its graduates
The article deals with the problem associated both with macro-processes in the field of education and science, reflecting the difficulties of the transition to the innovative phase of development, and with micro-processes affecting specific areas of restructuring the system of personnel training. It is noted that the reform should take into account the needs for specialists with modern skills that are directly in demand by production, but also during the reform the importance of the fundamentalization of education should not be missed, without which the further innovative movement of society will be impossible.
Key words: society, education reform, higher education, specialized secondary education, dual education.
Stepanova M.A.
The development of social infrastructure in remote regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): the case of the Olenyoksky District
The level of the social infrastructure development and the living standards of the population are inextricably linked. This article considers the quality and level of the remote services delivered to the population of remote settlements, specifically, of the Olenyoksky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It is noted that the transport isolation creates challenges for providing accessible and high-quality services to the population. For the society to develop and to meet the new challenges, it is necessary to create favourable conditions for the population development and growth, as well as for ensuring high living standards and conditions. The access to the social services is the basis for the personal development and growth. The analysis of the development of the social services provided in the Olenyoksky district was conducted on the basis of the data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and from the survey of the Olenyoksky district population. The Olenyoksky District is the largest district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with a total area of 318.1 thousand square kilometers and a population density of 0.01 people per sq.km. Like other Arctic regions of Yakutia, the Olenyoksky district has a complicated transport infrastructure, with only air communication in summer. The distance between Yakutsk and the district center of Olenyoksky Ulus is: 2026 km by land (only in winter); 1270 km by air (considering the high cost of air tickets).
Modern living requirements demand radical changes for the delivery of high-quality and accessible social services to the population. The difficult climatic conditions, geographical location, which in its turn generates transportation problems for many regions of the Republic, the population distribution are the relevant issues for the study.
Key words: digitalization, information and communication technologies, Internet, remote public services, social sector, social infrastructure, remote and sparsely populated areas, digital accessibility of social sector, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Arctic regions.
Chekhoeva A.I.
Analysis of the regulatory framework of the federal public authority as a tool for the implementation of its individual powers
The article analyzes the structure of the legislation of the Russian Federation with subsequent consideration of the regulatory framework of one of the federal bodies of state power - the Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo) in relation to the privatization of federal property as one of the most important competencies of the agency in question. The conclusion is formulated that the Federal Property Management Agency is one of the most important sources of replenishment of the state budget of the Russian Federation by exercising its powers both in the execution of the legislation of the Russian Federation and by issuing its by-laws on the management of state property objects.
Key words: State budget, regulatory legal act, privatization by-laws, resolution, order, command, Rosimushchestvo.
Chindoti Spinks
The current state of the sphere of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Zimbabwe
The purpose of this work is to analytically present the current state and features of socially-oriented management of the sphere of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Zimbabwe. The article deals with the legal, organizational, economic and social foundations of the activity of physical culture and sports organizations in the Republic of Zimbabwe. The author describes the key directions for the development of infrastructure in the field of physical culture and sports in the Republic of Zimbabwe at the local, regional and state levels, the existing technologies of socially-oriented management to increase access to the main types of physical culture and sports for the population of the republic. In the Republic of Zimbabwe, state authorities promote the development of a centralized policy in the field of elite sports and develop programs for the development of sports and infrastructure at the local level, but due to objective economic and political reasons, this activity is moving slowly and spasmodically.
Research method - methods of formal logic were used, such as observation, measurement, comparison, analysis, idealization, problematization, explanation, as well as statistical methods.
Results. The article substantiates the position that in the Republic of Zimbabwe at the local level, the concept of socially-oriented management should be taken as the basis for improving the regional regulation of the development of physical culture and sports.
Key words: sports, public administration of sports, youth sports policy, mass sports, elite sports, sports facilities of the Republic of Zimbabwe, sports infrastructure of the Republic of Zimbabwe, development of sports in African countries, health preservation.
Schimelfenig O.V.
Comparative analysis of the constructivism concepts with the plot-game paradigma
The subject of this study is the analysis of new forms of constructivism in epistemology, known as the theories of enactivism and autopoiesis.
The methodological basis of the study is the plot-game concept of reality, connecting modern systemic and transdisciplinary approaches to the ancient picture of the world in the form of a cosmic game of the creation of the beginning of the universe, manifesting themselves through many “players” of different psychophysical levels, scale and life terms.
The main result of a comparative analysis is the conclusion that in constructivist studies, the task of constructing a holistic spiritual-psycho-physical concept of reality, which was carried out in the plot-game paradigm, is not solved in constructive philosophy and science.
Key words: concept, plot, script, game, enactivism, autopoiesis, model, interpretation.
Zhu Xiangyu
The Church hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox Clergy
The article is devoted to the study of the church hierarchy of the Russian Orthodox clergy. In the course of the research, the features of the hierarchy in the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), the functions and duties of the Orthodox clergy of the ROC of varying degrees in historical retrospect are determined. The significance of the work lies in clarifying the Russian Orthodox hierarchy, identifying differences in the functions and responsibilities of representatives of the Orthodox clergy of Russia of varying degrees, and understanding new requirements for the modern clergy.
Key words: orthodoxy, hierarchy, clergy, duties.
Asratian D.K.
Translation of the Bible into Ossetian as a dialogue of nations and cultures
Despite the centuries-old history of Christianity in Alania-Ossetia, the complete Bible in Ossetian was published only this year, when the 1100th anniversary of the Baptism of Alania was officially celebrated. The publication was preceded by work of many generations of translators, who were assisted by representatives of many nations and various Christian denominations.
Key words: Bible, Bible translation, Bible societies, North Caucasus, inter-Christian relations, Ossetia, Ossetian language.
Frolenkova I.U.
Types and forms of conversion of religious neophytes (modern reading of the philosophy of W. James)
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of religious conversion. The types and forms of conversion of modern religious neophytes are analyzed. Much attention in the article was paid to the work of the famous American philosopher and psychologist W. James. On the basis of the study, two types of religious conversion were identified: volitional (conscious or active) and weak-willed (passive or subconscious) type of spiritual revival. The concept of a gradual and sudden conversion of W. James was considered in the article in a new interpretation.
Key words: James W., religious conversion, types and forms of conversion, sudden and gradual conversion, volitional and weak-willed type.
Miroshnichenko E.V.
Posokhova N.V.
Kushchenko E.S.
Formation of leisure activity of young people in the activities of the subjects of the rural socio-cultural cluster
The article is devoted to the study of the actual problem of the development of leisure activity of young people in modern society. Using the example of the activities of various subjects of the rural socio-cultural cluster, their specificity in the aspect of the formation of leisure activity of young people is revealed. The authors come to the conclusion that the central link in the structure of socio-cultural clusters that carry out the educational and cultural-forming process in the youth environment are cultural and leisure-type institutions and libraries, others should intensify work with the youth audience. The sphere of socio-cultural activity is an important platform for working with the youth audience, including the formation and development of its leisure activity. The emergence of clusters and the cluster approach in this aspect deserves special attention. The multi-personality of socio-cultural clusters presupposes their interaction in the process of performing various tasks in the field of socio-cultural activities with the population. The development and implementation of new socio-cultural and leisure technologies requires large resource costs, which is not always possible for rural cultural and leisure institutions. That is why the problem of the development of leisure activity in rural areas is becoming one of the main directions of the development of youth leisure in general.
Key words: sociocultural cluster, cultural and leisure institutions, library, commercial sector, development, leisure activities, youth.
Kalashnikova N.N.
Merezhko M.E.
Grichanikova I.A.
The mechanism of creativity and methods of development of creative abilities of children in cultural and leisure institutions
Most children are embarrassed to express themselves individually in creativity, and cultural and leisure activities eliminate this problem. Thanks to working in a team, the child "merges with the crowd" and becomes invisible to others. Moreover, teamwork teaches many moral qualities: friendship, mutual assistance, camaraderie. The team spirit raises the motivation to learn, thanks to it, the child is self-actualized. It is important to understand that abilities develop only in certain activities in which a person develops. The ability is always associated with a specific occupation, which is aimed at the educational work of cultural institutions. That is, developing abilities in the direction of "choreography", it will not be possible to note that the child is capable of playing musical instruments. If you choose the right technique, you can develop talents in any skill. Only it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of the psychological age of the child in order to choose a method of educating abilities.
The question of the mechanism of creativity has worried researchers for a long time. Considering the concept of "creativity", scientists studied its mechanisms.
Key words: abilities, creative activity, method, collective creative activity, individual work, play, cultural and leisure activities.
Beletskaya E.A.
Merezhko M.E.
Enina S.A.
Cultural and leisure activities of modern libraries as a socio-cultural institute
The organization of leisure activities in the aspect of not only entertaining, but also developing activities is increasingly understood by researchers of cultural and leisure activities as an urgent need of our time. To date, in the practice of libraries in the organization of cultural and leisure activities, various methods of developing the creative potential of visitors are used.
The key problems in the organization of leisure in the library should be the identification of the creative abilities of participants, the creation of conditions for the development and self-development of the individual, the use of modern means to realize the creative potential of visitors, taking into account their age and individual characteristics.
Conducting leisure activities is a very complex and time-consuming work that requires a responsible approach and competent distribution of responsibilities. Programs of events can be completely different.
Key words: social and cultural activities, cultural and leisure activities, leisure, libraries.
Shpinarskaia E.N.
Existence and dialogue: the experience of analyzing two lyrical texts
Dialogue and dialogics – the value and meaning of St. Petersburg culture and cultural studies. M.S. Kagan in the book "The History of Culture of St. Petersburg" considers dialogue as a philosophical term of universal meaning, which allows it to be used in the analysis of various cultural phenomena, including lyrical texts of modern youth culture. The example of two songs presents the experience of their analysis using the concepts of dialogue and dialogics, as well as existence as an internal dialogue that turns into a monologue.
Key words: dialogue, internal dialogue, dialogics, culture of St. Petersburg, existential loneliness, modern culture, youth culture, irrationality, madness, lyrical text.
Genenko O.N.
Zenin S.N.
Mironova M.V.
Theoretical basis and promotion of public relations in the sphere of culture
The article considers the functional and essential meaning of the concepts of "public relations" and "promotion". The lexico-semantic analysis of the concept of "PR" is carried out, the key reasons for the ambiguity of the term under consideration are identified. The main distinguishing characteristics between the concepts of "public relations", "promotion", "propaganda", "advertising" are revealed. The subject areas of PR are defined in relation to the sphere of culture. Strategies for achieving a positive image of a cultural institution, as well as the main directions of PR activities are considered.
Key words: public relations, PR, promotion, cultural sphere.
Zavyalova A.N.
Artistic styling and interpretation of art Ancient Egypt in Art Nouveau style
The article shows that the stylization of samples of ancient Egyptian art in the Art Nouveau style is their deliberate decorative generalization in a new artistic context, understood as a free interpretation, change, exaggeration, transformation of the sample in accordance with the ideas and attitudes of the artists. Artistic stylization is achieved through the use by modern masters of such techniques as simplification of pattern and form, conventionality of images, rhythmic organization of forms and lines, volumetric and color ratios, ornamentation, etc.
Key words: artistic stylization, interpretation, modern style, art of Ancient Egypt.
Borisova I.Z.
«Becassin syndrome» in Bretons culture
The article is devoted to the image of the maid Becassine, the heroine of comics in Breton culture, which is the basis of stereotyping and plays a role in the formation of regional identity. The author dwells on the cultural analysis of the Bekassin Phenomenon. The author states that the whole region, culture, country is perceived through the image of a housekeeper, a stubborn servant, naive, illiterate, submissive to her masters and often confused by modernity. Despite the fact that the character is already of a respectable age, this image is perceived by the Bretons very painfully. Ethnic stereotypes based on popular clichéd images are extremely tenacious and have a powerful destructive and negative impact on the identity of a representative of an ethnic minority.
Key words: Brittany, regional identity, Becassin, comics, stereotypes, negative influence.
Gordeeva E.N.
The concept of role in the context of linguistic studies: an anthropocentric approach
This article discusses such concepts as linguistic, speech, and communicative personality, as well as social status and role from the linguistics point of view. It emphasizes the interrelation of the communicative behavior of the communication participant and his position in society. The author starts the analysis with the concept of a linguistic personality, then focuses attention on the communicative circumstances of its implementation. The choice of language means of the speaker directly depends on the relationship between the participants in communication, their status, and social role. It is found that different areas of modern linguistics, such as sociolinguistics, gender linguistics, psycholinguistics, the theory of speech genres, discursive linguistics, and linguoculturology, demonstrate their understanding of the social-role aspect. In this context, several different role classifications were presented. The conclusion, uniting all the presented points of view, states the influence of the typical (social status, psychological, communicative, etc.) role characteristics of the subject on his speech behavior in specific circumstances of communication.
Key words: anthropocentrism, language personality, communicative behavior, social status, role.
Jamaev A.M.
Baibatyrov Magomed-Bashir Abdul-Khamidovich
Spiritual values of modern youth in conditions globalization
The article develops the provisions that youth is an object of social influence of the convergence of social institutions, sociocultural communities and global transnational information structures that determine the process of its socialization, and an independent subject-bearer of certain values and value-motivated social activities. This aspect of youth research makes it possible to take into account the ability of young people to dynamically convert existing value orientations into the most beneficial ones for their self-realization in a particular situation. The purpose of the article is to consider a number of important philosophical problems of the 21st century, to focus on the process of forming the value orientations of young people in modern society and to analyze the role of individual factors that influence this process. The features of the value orientations of young people are determined: they are in the process of formation and depend on the value-normative system that dominates in this society.
Key words: youth, spiritual culture, globalization, society, value orientations, socialization.
Zimina E.V.
Khaustov D.S.
For rent and capitalism: inclusion and justice in the shadow of the social conflict resolution experience
The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the concepts of inclusion and justice through the prism of solving conflicts. The organization of society is considered, which stands on the pillars of meritocracy and technological innovation, rejecting the draft. Explanations are given about the concepts of justice and injustice. It describes why capitalism is spoken of as an opponent of monopolies and rent-oriented behavior. The marginalization of rent is described as part of an ideological struggle aimed at justifying capitalism as such. Arguments are given about how to achieve justice in the world of capitalist relations - through the construction of inclusive institutions. Quotes are presented, where in a condensed form paradigm ideas about Justice and Inclusion are given.
Key words: capitalism, awards, inclusion, justice, social conflicts.
Smirnova O.V.
Integration of migrants as a socio-cultural problem
The article deals with the problem of integration of migrants, analyzes various approaches to the consideration of the content and essence of this phenomenon. The main characteristics of integration as a socio-cultural phenomenon are determined, as well as problems and barriers arising in the process of integration of migrants into the host society. It is established that the integration of migrants is a social process of a comprehensive and complex nature, involving a two-way relationship (between the migrant and the host society or its members), as well as depending on the ethnic and cultural complementarity of the migrant and the host society or its members. The author concludes that it is necessary to further study the phenomenon in question in order to take timely measures, analyze and adjust integration processes. As an independent work on understanding the integration of migrants, the question of the socio-cultural reasons for the rejection of migrants in the host society is being solved. It is proved that the integration of migrants is particularly influenced by such problems as the specific historical experience and traditions of intercultural interaction of the host population, the peculiarities and stereotypes of public consciousness of individual citizens and the whole society, the ethnicity of migrants, etc. The effectiveness of the integration of migrants and migration policy in general depends on how quickly and efficiently the identified issues and contradictions will be resolved.
Key words: migrant, integration of migrants, adaptation of migrants, socio-cultural integration, migration policy.
Pavlova T.A.
Conditions for the formation of social security with the use of positive - negative attitudes
The article is devoted to a problem that is little studied in philosophy, namely, the various conditions of social securityThe author draws attention to the insufficient theoretical consideration of the conditions of social security, applying various concepts, one of which is the positive-negative methodology. The purpose of the study is to explicate the conditions of social security from positions of positive-negative methodology.
Research objectives: 1). Show the traditional understanding of positive-negative methodology. 2). Synthesize examples of positive-negative recommendations in different spheres of society: economic, political, ideological, informational, military, environmental. 3). On the basis of the available material, highlight the general sign of the connection between the conditions of social security, based on positive-negative attitudes in the activity of the subject. 4). Formulate the main positive-negative attitudes in various branches of scientific knowledge.
Key words: conditions, social security, social safety, freedom, positive-negative attitudes, economics, politics, ideology, information, war, ecology.
Kozyrkov V.P.
Evstropova S.V.
Problematization and sociological conceptualization of the formation of an integral system of medical and social work with disabled people
The article deals with the problem of the formation of an integral system of social rehabilitation and habilitation of disabled people. It is analyzed through the prism of the phenomenon of problematization of interdepartmental interaction in its various aspects: legal, theoretical, categorical, subjective. The influence of the structure of disability, awareness of the disabled on this process is shown. A sociocultural approach to the interpretation of the formation of an integral system of social rehabilitation is proposed. The ideas of this approach are illustrated by the analysis of medical and social work with disabled people in one of the polyclinics of Nizhny Novgorod. The principles of the formation of such a system are formulated. The authors conclude that there are objective and subjective reasons and factors that need to be taken into account in order to uncover and determine the causes of the constant social problematization of interdepartmental interaction in the formation of an integral system in working with people with disabilities.
Key words: social rehabilitation, interdepartmental interaction, medical and social work, disabled people, healthcare, problematization.
Ivanova L.A.
The concept of the political elite: a sociological aspect
The need to consider political elites in a sociological aspect is determined by the fact that the one who has the power has the ability to manage society and influence the behavior of its members. Despite the fact that democratic changes are currently primarily aimed at overcoming the existing social divide, the power factor occupies a leading place in the formation and maintenance of social inequality. The structuring of the political space is determined by the decisions taken by the ruling elites and the mechanisms of distribution of material and symbolic resources, as well as recognized forms of lobbying of interests and their representation in political institutions. As a result, special attention should be paid to the study of the processes of formation of the political class, which in a short period of time has become one of the key subjects of power dominance.
Key words: political elites, value approach, functional approach, types of elites.
Kalabekova S.V.
Orekhova N.A.
The phenomenon of tolerance: historical and philosophical analysis
The article is devoted to a comprehensive socio-philosophical analysis of the state of tolerance in the modern world, taking into account the main risks and transformations in society. This analysis will allow us to correlate the generation of new social risks with a decrease in the quality of the implementation of the principles of tolerance in modern public relations as one of the key and defining values of modern culture. The main methodological technique is a systematic analysis of the causes and consequences of tolerance deformation in the context of risk society.
Key words: tolerance, value system, religious intolerance, latitude, risks.
Khiltukhina E.G.
Ideal, idea as an aesthetic factor of development (according to G.V.F. Hegel)
This article attempts to explore the relationship between the idea and the ideal as an aesthetic factor in the development of the beautiful according to Hegel. The artistic orientation of the idea as such and its result of the ideal is shown. The dialectical interrelation of idea and ideal is the basis of Hegel's entire philosophy, which is vividly revealed in the «Lectures on Aesthetics». The evolution of an idea in three forms of art and the formation of an ideal is the main feature of Hegel's aesthetic thought, which forms the beautiful.
Key words: idea, ideal, perfect, art, meaning, image, artistic creativity, vital activity, contradiction, dialectic, opposite, form, content, beauty, subjective spirit, absolute spirit, understanding, harmony, perfection.
Grineva O.A.
Human information overload in the information society
The article presents an actual problem of the modern information society - information overload of a person. The high-speed pace of life makes a modern person tired and exhausted, preventing an active lifestyle of a person. The article discusses the causes of emotional burnout of a person, and also indicates the importance of finding mechanisms for adapting a person to changing digital conditions of life and work. Methods for protecting a person from going into virtual reality and a state of depression are proposed.
Key words: dynamics, information technology, multitasking, consequences, overload, logical thinking, habit, control, monitoring, substitution, orderliness.
Isaev A.V.
Improvement and transformation: Russian philosophy about the moral meaning of life
Today, the idea of "improvement of man", the improvement of his mental, physical and mental capabilities to an infinite level with the help of biotechnology, is very popular. There is a program for transforming a person into a posthuman, the so-called NBIC - convergent development of nano-, bio-, info- and cognitive technologies. The next round of scientific and technological progress generates enthusiasm for overcoming some of the significant "anthropological flaws" that are traditionally inherent in human nature. The initiator of such projects is the transhumanist movement, which is based on “posthumanist anthropology”, in which a human being in his original anthropological status is subject to a fundamental transformation called “improvement of a person”. How do these biotechnological innovations correlate with the traditional spiritual values of Russian philosophy, for which one of the main characteristics is the idea of moral transformation of life? The moral contour of the idea of transformation in Russian philosophy is freedom and meaning, which are absent in transhumanist projects of human improvement.
Key words: human, posthuman, biotechnology, posthumanism, transhumanism, biological transformation, health, ethics, anthropology, Russian philosophy, meaning of life, transformation.
Omelaenko V.V.
The problem of the search for political interest within the framework of the liberal trend in Russia in the mid-XIX – early XX centuries
The article examines how the liberal subculture was created and developed in the conditions of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century, as well as in the early XX century. The results of the analysis conducted in relation to the state of the public space of the Russian Empire of this historical period are given (together with a description of the main stages of the development of such a public space). It is proved that at the end of the last century, as well as at the beginning of the last century, the liberal sphere in the Russian Empire was subjected to a large number of transformations. As a result of these changes in liberalism, new directions were identified in the Russian Empire, in addition, new liberal organizations began to form, which later degenerated into parties.
Key words: Russian Empire, liberalism, civil society, clubs, press, universities.
Authors
Asratian D.K., Institute of History and Archeology of the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania, researcher.
Baibatyrov Magomed-Bashir Abdul-Khamidovich, Student of the Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny.
Beletskaya E.A., Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Borisova I.Z., Doctor of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor of the Department of French Philology, Institute of Foreign Philology and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University.
Chekhoeva A.I., Graduate student of the Institute of public administration and civil service, of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, chief specialist-expert Department of Investment Affairs of the Federal Agency for state property management.
Chindoti Spinks, Russian State Social University.
Enina S.A., Assistant, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Evstropova S.V., Post-graduate student of FSN FSAOU VO "N.I. Lobachevsky National Research University", Nizhny Novgorod.
Frolenkova I.U., Graduate student of the Department of State-Confessional Relations. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA).
Genenko O.N., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Grineva O.A., Candidate of Philosophy, Docent. Department of English, Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astaf’ev.
Gordeeva E.N., PhD student of Philology Faculty of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev.
Grichanikova I.A., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Isaev A.V., Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Voronezh State University.
Ivanova L.A., Assistant, Astrakhan State University, Department of Sociology.
Jamaev A.M., Student of the Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny.
Kalashnikova N.N., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Kalabekova S.V., Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Humanities of the North Caucasus State Academy (SKGA).
Khaustov D.S., PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Psychology. Baikal State University.
Khiltukhina E.G., Doctor of Philosophy Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Humanities, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.
Kozyrkov V.P., Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor of FSN FSAU VO "N.I. Lobachevsky National Research University", Nizhny Novgorod.
Kushchenko E.S., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Lezina O.V., Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Management. Moscow Automobile and Highway State Technical University.
Merezhko M.E., Senior lecturer, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Mironova M.V., Senior Lecturer, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Miroshnichenko E.V., Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, associate Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Omelaenko V.V., Junior Researcher of the Philosophy of Russian History Sector of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Orekhova N.A., Lecturer of the Department of Administrative Activity of Internal Affairs Bodies of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Pavlova T.A., Post-graduate student of the Altai State University. Altai State University, Barnaul. Head of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Directorate of the customer for the maintenance and repair of housing".
Posokhova N.V., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Schimelfenig O.V., Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Geometry, Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevskogo.
Shpinarskaia E.N., PhD in Cultural Studies, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and History of Culture, Institute of Human Philosophy, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia.
Smirnova O.V., Postgraduate, Siberian Institute of Management — Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Novosibirsk.
Stepanova M.A., Senior lecturer of the Institute of Modern Languages and International Studies of the M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk.
Ternovaya L.O., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Moscow Automobile and Highway State Technical University.
Zavyalova A.N., Candidate of Cultural Studies, Associate Professor, Department of Social and Human Sciences. Novosibirsk Military Institute named after Army General I.K. Yakovleva troops of the national guard of the Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Management, Sociology and Pedagogy, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Zenin S.N., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Belgorod State Institute of Arts and Culture.
Zhu Xiangyu, PhD in Philology, Senior Lecturer. Jiangsu Normal University.
Zimina E.V., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Sociology and Psychology. Baikal State University.
