Content
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PHILOSOPHY
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Kochesokov R.K., Bizheva A.P., Mairova M.Z. Ideology as a special phenomenon of spiritual life
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14
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Gabueva M.I., Tedeeva U.Sh. Philosophical, ethical and religious aspects of modern reproductive technologies
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23
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Bondarenko N.G., Meshcheryakova A.V., Vasilyeva I.A. Legal consciousness as a factor of unity of morality and law
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30
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Kryukov V.V., Rubantsova T.A., Stupina N.S. Interpretations and typology of values
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35
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Morgun S.N. The relationship between reason and morality through the prism of existentialism
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44
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Prokofeva G.P., Shteinberg A.G. Axiological foundations of the Russian civilization future
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50 |
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Semenova T.N., Sitnova L.I. The phenomenon of man-made civilization in philosophical and science fiction paradigms
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57 |
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Ulanov M.V. The autonomy of I. Kant’s will in the ethical and theological concept of Mitr. Anthony (Khrapovitsky)
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68 |
SOCIOLOGY |
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Kozin V.V. The latency of the problems of interethnic interaction of the population of a multiethnic region
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78
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Imansu A.V. The role of strategy in the management of the development of industrial production of the USSR
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85
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Tyun A.P. The influence of information and technological progress on the formation of public opinion about the activities of police officers: theoretical analysis of the problem
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93
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Buzkevich A.O. Organization of students’ project work in the context of studying historical disciplines
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99
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Dagaeva A.A. The purpose and objectives of the state personnel policy in the field of digital transformation public administration
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106
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Polyakova A.V., Roslavtseva E.A. On the issue of the development of social tourism in the Donetsk People’s Republic
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119
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Ryazanova E.S. Some aspects of the activities of women’s public organizations for the protection of women’s rights
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127
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| Voznesensky I.S. An inverted view of time as a social resource (using ghosting as an example) |
133
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| Imansu A.V. Formation of the sociology of management and principles of organization within the framework of the strategy of management of industry and economy during the period of development of pre-revolutionary Russia |
140
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| Zhao Hui The main stages in the development of social differentiation of the urban and rural population of modern China |
149
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RELIGION AND SOCIETY
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| Jeruk N.L. Aesthetics of Russian pictorial photography of the end of XIX - beginning of XX century |
156
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| Ishinkina E.A. The role of women in the cultural and educational policy of the Soviet state |
164
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| Jin Peiyu Prospects for the development of vocal education in Russia |
172
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Zhou Haodong Formal aesthetics, mixed materials, patterns. From the beginning to the present
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180
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Abstracts
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187
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Authors
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193
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Abstracts
Bizheva A.P.
Mairova M.Z.
Ideology as a special phenomenon of spiritual life
The article emphasizes that ideology should be considered as a special phenomenon of spiritual life. It is noted that ideology is more correctly understood only as a political ideology. It is emphasized that ideology arises during the period of formation of industrial society and represents an attempt at rational (scientific) justification by society or individual social groups of their political goals and interests. It is proved that it is incorrect to contrast ideology and science, to distinguish between scientific and non-scientific ideology, since ideology and science represent independent spheres of spiritual life. It is noted that ideology should be considered as a complex system, which, along with political ideas, also includes ideological activity, the functioning of ideological institutions, etc. It is emphasized that it is necessary to distinguish two levels of ideology: national (public) ideology and the ideologies of various social groups.
Key words: ideology, spiritual life, science, worldview, politics.
Gabueva M.I.
Tedeeva U.Sh.
Philosophical, ethical and religious aspects of modern reproductive technologies
The issue of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has long been a controversial topic in medical, philosophical and religious circles. For many couples, ART is the only possible way to experience the joy of parenthood, since natural conception is not possible for medical reasons. However, there is an opinion in society that this method of human birth is unnatural and contrary to human nature. For example, for the religious world, the very essence of assisted reproductive technologies is a destructive factor for those provisions on the existence and origin of the world and man that are used by modern religious denominations. The provisions of religious teachings are experiencing the greatest upheavals every day, associated with the development of scientific and technological progress, biotechnology and ART in particular. The scientific and ethical attitude to this problem is also ambiguous.
Key words: religious denominations, assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, sperm and oocyte donation, identity, embryo status, eugenics.
Bondarenko N.G.
Meshcheryakova A.V.
Vasilyeva I.A.
Legal consciousness as a factor of unity of morality and law
This article considers the problem of interaction of such categories as «morality» and «law» in the structure of legal consciousness. Having analyzed the content of the terms «legal consciousness», «morality» and «law» in the context of their historical and philosophical development, the authors of the article investigate the manifestations of morality in the legal society and identify the principles of correlation between morality and law in the process of formation of legal consciousness. The article asserts that the values of morality are reflected in the creation of legal norms and must be observed in the execution of existing laws, although it draws attention to such a phenomenon as deformation of legal consciousness, the essence of which consists in the negative attitude of the subject to the morality accepted in society and the values that underlie this morality. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that without the unity of morality and law it is impossible to form a state of law.
Key words: law, morality, legal consciousness, legal state, legal culture.
Kryukov V.V.
Rubantsova T.A.
Stupina N.S.
Interpretations and typology of values
The purpose of the study is to identify the invariant content of various versions and definitions of values as a dialectical unity of natural properties and artificial qualities in cultural phenomena that embody the creative essence of human activity. The object of the study is values as elements of culture. The subject of the study is the options for understanding the essence of values in axiology.
Scientific novelty lies in the presentation of the author's interpretation of the essence of values as elements of culture, which are products of human activity and, by virtue of this circumstance, embody the person himself to the extent that he puts his physical and spiritual strength into what he creates. In his brainchildren, as in a mirror, a person sees himself and therefore cannot be indifferent to them: he loves or hates his creations depending on the success or failure of the outcome of his efforts.
As a result, a definition of values is formulated within the framework of the anthropological approach and a typology of values is identified in accordance with the structure of the social system, including such elements as people, things, signs and institutions. The initial unity of people and things creates a value relationship. It is precisely because of this unity that a person is partial to things, and the surrounding world is perceived by him emotionally. A person experiences everything external as an objectification of his inner world.
Key words: culture, value, creation, person, thing, sign, institution.
Morgun S.N.
The relationship between reason and morality through the prism of existentialism
This article is devoted to the consideration of reason and morality through the prism of existentialism, as overcoming the level of consciousness in its life cycle with the subsequent acquisition of meaning and resolution of the challenges it faces in the era of globalisation.
Key words: existentialism, existence, morality, interrelation of reason and morality, scientific cognition, holistic approach, multidimensionality, transcendence, transdisciplinarity, consciousness, anthropology, philosophy.
Prokofeva G.P.
Shteinberg A.G.
Axiological foundations of the Russian civilization future
The future development of Russian civilization is considered on the basis of civilizational and geopolitical approaches. At the same time, we consider civilization as a system of self-sufficient society. Ased on this, the distinctive features of Russian society as a civilizational state are highlighted. Based on these thoughts, the distinctive features of Russian society as a civilizational state are highlighted. It is indicated that the basis of Russian civilization is axiological foundations. The preservation and enhancement of primordial values is the primary task of the modern stage of society's development. The study of the scenarios of the development of civilizations described in science shows their incompatibility with the established values in Russian society. That's why contradictions arise between civilizations and in civilization itself. This often leads to their antagonism. It is assumed that the best scenario for Russian civilization development is associated with the creation and recreation of value orientations adopted by a multinational society.
Key words: civilization, state-civilization, values, Russian statehood, civilizational model, Russian mentality, value adaptation.
Semenova T.N.
Sitnova L.I.
The phenomenon of man-made civilization in philosophical and science fiction paradigms
The article is devoted to the problem of socio-humanitarian analysis of the phenomenon of the technosphere and the emerging technogenic civilization. The technosphere has become an objective reality as an objectification of human creative cognitive abilities (the "third world" according to K. Popper). This techno-world is ambivalent, bringing both positive and negative aspects to the life of society and man. Technosphere and technogenic civilization are objects of rational and conceptual research of philosophy of science and technology, sociology, political science, cultural studies. An artistic view of the problem of the existence of a human creator in the technomir created by himself, the transformation of economic, political, social and spiritual spheres of society in a man-made civilization is expressed in a sensual and figurative form, primarily in science fiction.
Key words: technosphere, technogenic civilization, philosophy of science and technology, science fiction, scientific technologies, scientific and technological progress, human subjectivity.
Ulanov M.V.
The autonomy of I. Kant's will in the ethical and theological concept of Mitr. Anthony (Khrapovitsky)
The subject of the research in this article is the philosophical reception of the Kantian idea of autonomous will in the ethical theology of one of the most significant representatives of spiritual and academic philosophy, Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky). The aim is to analyze the specifics of the integration of the idea of the autonomous will of I. Kant into the philosophical constructions of Mitr. Anthony (Khrapovitsky). The purpose involves solving the following tasks: determining the place and meaning of the concept of free will and the idea of autonomy of the will in the Russian spiritual and academic tradition; analyzing the doctrine of A. Khrapovitsky's will; determining the characteristic features of perception of the idea of autonomous will by A. Khrapovitsky. The author draws attention to one of the most significant ethical and theological problems of spiritual and academic philosophy: freedom of will and its perception in the ideological context of Orthodox theism. The research methodology, taking into account the peculiarities of spiritual and academic philosophy, which combines philosophical discourse and religious postulates, involves the use of two approaches: logical-conceptual and historical-critical. Since the concept under study is presented in fragments in several works, the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction is used. The novelty of the article lies in the substantiation of the presence of the systemic influence of practical philosophy of I. Kant on the ethical and theological constructions of A. Khrapovitsky, which was expressed in borrowing the method of practical philosophy as the main principle of understanding religious postulates. The spiritual and academic environment did not differ in the uniformity of understanding of ethical motivation, so that the opposition of autonomy or heteronomy in determining the grounds of a moral act received a different assessment. Mitr. Anthony (Khrapovitsky) already in his dissertation takes the position of defending the autonomy of pure will, however, its justification is carried out within the framework of the ideological platform of Orthodox theistic monism. The peculiarity of A. Khrapovitsky's approach is that the emphasis on the importance of the ethical content of the act, the introduction of the metaphysical concept of universal will and the understanding of the will in the Kantian key (as the ability to follow the maxims accepted in the foundation) allowed the thinker to present the autonomy of pure will as theonomy.
Key words: Kant, Khrapovitsky, autonomy of the will, heteronomy, spiritual and academic philosophy, monism.
Kozin V.V.
The latency of the problems of interethnic interaction of the population of a multiethnic region
Based on applied sociological research in 2021-2023, an attempt was made to analyze the latent (hidden) nature of interethnic relations in the Republic of Mordovia. Noting the generally positive development of interethnic relations in Mordovia, in particular, an ambiguous assessment by the population of the possibility of interethnic conflict in the region, as well as personal participation in it in the interests of their ethnic group, was revealed. Noting the generally positive attitude of the population of the republic towards representatives of various ethnic groups, there is a negative attitude in some of them.
Key words: Republic of Mordovia, region, latency, secrecy, interethnic relations, respondents, conflict, nationality, sociological research, dynamics, sociological survey.
Imansu A.V.
The role of strategy in the management of the development of industrial production of the USSR
The article raises the problems of strategic development in the field of industrial production management during the existence of the USSR. The paper considers different approaches to industrial development strategies in the Soviet state. The interrelation of the mobilization, centralized and decentralized concepts in the industrial development strategy in the USSR is considered. In addition, the processes of development of industrial production, its key industries are considered. The article also raises the problem of uneven development of industry in the USSR.
Key words: strategy, development management, strategic planning, strategy models, industry, industrial production, USSR, Soviet state.
Tyun A.P.
The influence of information and technological progress on the formation of public opinion about the activities of police officers: theoretical analysis of the problem
In the “introduction,” the author defines the concept of “public opinion” and explores it in the context of its formation in relation to the activities of police officers. He justifies the relevance of this study, based on statistical data, the attention to this problem of senior officials of our state, regulation on the pages of legal acts. In addition, the relevance of the study, the author emphasizes, is due to the increased attention to this problem on the part of the scientific community. The authors formulate a research hypothesis: it assumes that the dissemination of information and information technologies in the life of society brings significant changes to the mechanism of formation of public opinion about the police.
In the “theoretical justification” the author emphasizes the interdisciplinarity of public opinion research. The author provides several different interpretations of the concept of “public opinion about the activities of police officers.” The concept of O.V. was chosen as the basis for the study. Ushakova, according to which public opinion about police officers should be considered not only from the position of a social institution, but also in the context of a social norm.
In the section “results and their discussion,” the author examines the latest statistical data that determines the active introduction of information and communication technologies into the lives of Russians, which significantly transforms the process and basic mechanisms of public opinion formation. Based on this, the author formulates factors that can negatively affect the formation of public opinion about police officers. Among them: misinformation of society, the spread of “viral” videos and photographs, lack of control over commenting on news on social networks and instant messengers. In the context of a theoretical study, it was found that public opinion about the activities of police officers in modern conditions of development of Russian society is subject not only to traditional threats associated with cases of subjective negative behavior of individual officers, but also to factors influenced by the information environment. Information and communication technologies, which have become firmly established in the life of modern society, can be used as factors of influencing and manipulating public opinion.
In the “conclusion” the author formulates conclusions and further directions of scientific research in this area.
Key words: public opinion, social institution, social norm, information, information technology, threats, factors.
Buzkevich A.O.
Organization of students' project work in the context of studying historical disciplines
The article examines the importance of students' project work in the context of studying historical disciplines. It is emphasized that project activities contribute to the deepening of knowledge about the past, the development of critical thinking and teamwork skills. It explores how project work allows you to integrate knowledge from various fields and apply theoretical concepts in practice. Methods of organizing project work, including research projects, case studies and interdisciplinary projects, are also discussed. The advantages and problems of implementing project work are highlighted, as well as recommendations for a successful organization are offered. In conclusion, it is emphasized that project work is an important tool for students to form a comprehensive understanding of historical processes and their relevance in the modern world.
Key words: project work, historical disciplines, critical thinking, teamwork, research projects, knowledge integration, motivation, interdisciplinary approaches.
Dagaeva A.A.
The purpose and objectives of the state personnel policy in the field of digital transformation public administration
In this article, the author examines the state personnel policy from the point of view of its goals and objectives in the digital transformation of public authorities. The problems of the state personnel policy in the field of digital transformation of public administration have also been identified and ways to solve them have been identified.
Key words: personnel, personnel policy, digitalization, digital transformation.
Polyakova A.V.
Roslavtseva E.A.
On the issue of the development of social tourism in the Donetsk People's Republic
The article analyzes legislative acts aimed at the quality of life of elderly citizens, and also forms a comprehensive model of partnership in the context of the development of social policy of the Donetsk People's Republic. The main directions of social policy for the development of social tourism in the waters of the Sea of Azov for elderly citizens are considered.
Key words: social policy, social tourism, partnership, authorities, travel companies, hotel industry.
Ryazanova E.S.
Some aspects of the activities of women's public organizations for the protection of women's rights
The article examines the activities of women's public organizations, both Russian and foreign, in the field of protecting women's rights and promoting gender equality. The role of these organizations in the fight against violence, discrimination, as well as their participation in social, economic and political transformations is discussed. Examples of the largest women's organizations are presented and their main activities are analyzed, such as human rights work, lobbying for changes in legislation, educational programs and cultural projects. The statistical data confirming the importance of these organizations in reducing the level of gender-based violence and improving the status of women in society are presented. It also describes the main challenges faced by women's NGOs and their contribution to the development of civil society.
Key words: women's organizations, women's rights, gender equality, violence, discrimination, human rights activities, Russia, international organizations.
Voznesensky I.S.
An inverted view of time as a social resource (using ghosting as an example)
The article analyzes a new social phenomenon that arose in interpersonal relations, but very quickly moved into the sphere of labor relations. Ghosting is a product of both the processes of change in the labor sphere, in particular in the labor market, and transformations associated with the value world of generations Y and Z. The article provides a description of the stages of labor relations at which ghosting is especially common. The parameters that make this phenomenon socially dangerous are highlighted: psychological, organizational and temporal.
Key words: human resources, labor relations, labor resource, time, time management, recruitment, ghosting.
Imansu A.V.
Formation of the sociology of management and principles of organization within the framework of the strategy of management of industry and economy during the period of development of pre-revolutionary Russia
Within the framework of this article, the stages of formation of the sociology of management in the Russian Empire are considered. The article also raises the problems of industrial and economic development in RI. In addition, the paper considers the strategies and principles of industrial production and economic management in pre-revolutionary Russia. The article also analyzes the role of the Russian state in the management of industrial development. The state vector of development in the management of social and economic support of the population of the Russian Empire is determined. In addition, this paper analyzes the initial stage of the formation of optimization and consolidation of the system of factory production in pre-revolutionary Russian.
Key words: sociology of management, taylorism, management methods, management strategy, strategy, industry, industrial production, development, economy, Russian empire, Russian state, Russia, pre-revolutionary Russia.
Zhao Hui
The main stages in the development of social differentiation of the urban and rural population of modern China
The intensive growth of China's economy has a negative impact on the people's way of life, especially on the quality and level of income of the urban and rural population. Urban areas offer greater opportunities for career and financial success due to better infrastructure and social services. And new technologies and business opportunities, typically concentrated in cities, provide city residents with access to high-paying jobs. At the same time, rural areas face challenges such as lack of investment, lack of basic services such as education and health care, and limited employment opportunities. As a result, rural residents often find themselves at a disadvantage compared to urban populations. Closing this gap is strategically important to ensure equal opportunities for all citizens and ensure sustainable and equitable development. Currently, China continues its efforts to reduce social divisions and provide adequate living conditions for all classes of the population.
Key words: social differentiation, urban population, rural population, China, modernization.
Jeruk N.L.
Aesthetics of Russian pictorial photography of the end of XIX - beginning of XX century
In this study the subject is the history and peculiarities of development of Russian pictorial photography of the late XIX - early XX century. The purpose of this article is to analyze the work of Russian pictorialists to identify the distinctive features of Russian pictorialism. The article also explains the role of pictorialism in the history of Russian photography and its influence on the new generation of photographers.
The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the study presents a new perspective on the development of Russian pictorial photography and reveals previously unknown aspects of this art. The history of the origin of pictorialism in Russia has not yet been fully researched and systematized. Not many scientific works are devoted to Russian pictorialism. Due to political censorship, the work of pictorialists did not fit into the framework of Soviet ideology, so it was forgotten for a longperiod of time. The author emphasizes the importance of studying this topic to comprehend the role of pictorialism as a fundamental phenomenon in Russian art photography.
When writing the article the method of concrete-historical analysis, modeling, deductive method and others was used. The research was based on the study of literary materials devoted to Russian pictorialists, as well as the analysis of photographic sources.
Key words: pictorialism, Russian pictorialism, pictorial photography, photographers, photography, art.
Ishinkina E.A.
The role of women in the cultural and educational policy of the Soviet state
The research is focused on the role of women in cultural and educational policy in post-revolutionary Russia. This period is characterized by the declaration of gender equality, expressed in universal suffrage and women’s right to participate in the political life of the country. Culture and education always have been considered as a mouthpiece for ideological struggle and propaganda. The relevance of the topic lies in studying the importance of women in public service and their influence on cultural and spiritual development in the context of sociocultural and gender transformations of Russian society.
Key words: the role of women, cultural policy, educational policy, gender equality, women's movement, ideology, Soviet state.
Jin Peiyu
Prospects for the development of vocal education in Russia
The success of any business requires knowledge and a solid foundation. In this article, we will apply the stated postulate in relation to vocal art, its history and prospects. Vocal music is the oldest form of art, through which the intellectual content and form of a musical work are transmitted with the help of a singing voice. Musicology studies more than one genre of vocal: songs, romances, church music, choral works and operas, folk song and many new genres that have appeared recently, such as rock and roll. The vast majority of vocal works consist of music and lyrics, but we remember the famous vocalizations, we can say songs without words. Music and the word have many common meanings. Language as such is a musical element, through pitch. The tone of the singing voice gives the sound expressiveness and emotionality. In the proposed work, the author sets a goal - to determine the prospects for the development of Russian vocal education through a historical perspective. Based on the extensive material studied, the author makes an optimistic conclusion about the prospects of vocal education in Russia.
Key words: vocal, music, folk songs, religious singing, M.I. Glinka, Russian school, French school, opera.
Zhou Haodong
Formal aesthetics, mixed materials, patterns. From the beginning to the present
In this work, the author set out to explore the use of various materials, including mixed materials, to study the artistic understanding directly related to the development of manufacturing technologies. At the same time, the evolution of the use of patterns (ornament) as a means of fine art was considered. In this article, the author used inductive, analytical, and theoretical research methods. As a result, the author managed to compare the relationship between the material and the aesthetic content, precisely from the point of view of formal aesthetics. It is concluded that the aesthetic perspective of patterns is preserved as a means of artistic expression using both conventional materials and new ones available in modern times.
Key words: form, content, aesthetics, pattern, ornament, aesthetic perception, ceramics.
Authors
Bizheva A.P., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Kabardino-Balkarian State University.
Bondarenko N.G., Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Pyatigorsk Institute (branch).
Buzkevich A.O., Postgraduate student, A.N. Kosygin State University of Russia.
Dagaeva A.A., State Civil Servant.
Gabueva M.I., North Ossetian State Medical Academy.
Imansu A.V., Postgraduate Student, State University of Russia.
Ishinkina E.A., Postgraduate. Moscow State Institute of Culture.
Jeruk N.L., Associate Professor of the Department of Design, Kherson Technical University, Genichesk.
Jin Peiyu, Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Kryukov V.V., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology.
Kochesokov R.K., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of the Philosophy Department, Kabardino-Balkarian State University.
Kozin V.V., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher State Institution of the Republic of Moldova "Scientific Center for Socio-economic Monitoring", Saransk.
Mairova M.Z., Lecturer, Philosophy Department, Kabardino-Balkarian State University.
Meshcheryakova A.V., Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Pyatigorsk Institute (branch).
Morgun S.N., Candidate of Science, Student. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
Polyakova A.V., PhD, Associate Professor, Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Donetsk.
Prokofeva G.P., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Sociology and Law, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk.
Roslavtseva E.A., Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Donetsk.
Rubantsova T.A., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology.
Ryazanova E.S., Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after I.D. Putilin", lecturer, Department of Fire Training, Belgorod.
Semenova T.N., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Socio-Political Technologies, National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University».
Shteinberg A.G., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Sociology and Law, Far Eastern State University of Communications, Khabarovsk.
Sitnova L.I., Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Socio-Politic Technologies, National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University».
Stupina N.S., Associate Professor, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology, Novosibirsk.
Tedeeva U.Sh., Candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, scientific director. North Ossetian State Medical Academy.
Tyun A.P., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor. Rostov State University of Economics, Krasnodar Region, Yeisk.
Ulanov M.V., Postgraduate student of the Department of Philosophy and Theology, Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin.
Vasilyeva I.A., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Pyatigorsk Institute (branch).
Voznesensky I.S., Senior lecturer, Moscow Automobile and Highway State Technical University.
Zhao Hui, Graduate student. Department of Theoretical and Special Sociology named after M.A. Budanova.
Zhou Haodong, Master's degree 3rd year, Institute of Philosophy Theory and history of culture and art, St. Petersburg State University.
