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Sipyagina E.A.

The formation of charitable institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church in the first post-Soviet decade

In the article the author examines the formation of Church charitable structures and analyzes the regulatory framework that allowed the Russian Orthodox Church (further – the ROC) to expand social service.

Key words: Church charity, Russian Orthodox Church, the history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Bunkovskaya E.M.

Tantric interpretation of buddhist symbolism in Guhyasamadja Tantra

The object of research in this work is Guhyasamāja -tantra, while the subject of research is its text, symbolism and interpretation according to the tradition of Buddhist Tantrism. 

A feature of the tantric text, in particular of the Guhyasamāja tantra, is a developed geometric symbolism, primarily detailed descriptions of mandalas. The comparison of the Mahayana Sutras and Guhyasamāja tantra, on the one hand, indicates a common kinship of the composition, the use of similar themes, terms and motifs, and, on the other hand, a completely new, tantric interpretation of the indicated techniques and terms. The peculiarity of tantra is the transformation of all these elements into symbols and images that are devoid of literal and rational meaning, but have acquired a new meaning in the structure of tantra, associated primarily with numerical symbols and descriptions of the mandala as one of the most important elements of tantric practice. Also, as a whole, we see that already in the Guhyasamāja tantra, one of the first Buddhist tantras, the symbolism of the mandala has developed, which now, along with numerical symbols and various ritual acts, constitutes the main content of the text.

Key words: Tibetology, Guhyasamāja, Buddhism, Buddhist studies, Tantra, Tibet, Mahayana, Nyingma.

Archpriest Sergei Mikhailovich Zinchuk

Patriotic activity of the Russian Orthodox Church in the great Patriotic war

The author considers the main directions of assistance to the army and rear of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter-ROC) during the great Patriotic war and the impact of these measures on the process of changing relations between the state and the Church. Important attention is paid to the meeting of Stalin with representatives of the Church hierarchy in 1943 and the analysis of the work of the Council for the Russian Orthodox Church on the ground on the example of the Kostroma region.

Key words: history of the ROC, religion in the USSR, Church-state relations.

Ternovaya L.O.

Holy power of bread

The history of mankind can be traced to the history of bread. Its value is so great that it absorbed many meanings: from sublime to pragmatic. Bread reflected not only the unity of people, but also their participation in the divine power. Possession of bread meant the possibility of exercising power. That is why so much attention was paid to bread by political and state figures. The common people saw bread as a pledge of well-being and health. And these representations remain, despite the renewal of the assortment of bread products.

Key words: cereals of civilization, history, bread, religions, rituals, propaganda.

Bakharev V.V.

Reutova M.N.

Shavyrina I.V.

Forms of manifestation of reciprocity in family-related and friendly support networks: the experience of quality research

In the article, on the basis of the results of the mass survey and focus group interviews, the forms of reciprocity in the reproduction of mutual aid practices in family-related and friendly support networks are analyzed. These network structures are recognized by the overwhelming majority of respondents as a potential source of help in difficult life situations. Direct (balanced) reciprocity is least manifested in the situation of helping parents and adult children and most of all - friends and colleagues. In relations with parents and with other close relatives, attitudes and practices characteristic of generalized reciprocity dominate: respondents emphasize their greater contribution to relations with counterparties, replacing the resource component of emotional interactions. In relationships with friends more pronounced attitude towards balanced reciprocity.

Key words: mutual aid, networks of mutual aid, adaptation, reciprocity, transfer of resources, resource exchange motivation.

Blaginina A.P.

Government cultural policy in Russian Federation and instruments of its implementation

In the article reviews strategic foundations of government cultural policy in Russian Federation and its role in providing of national security. Analyzed the main instruments of government cultural policy for the period before 2030 year. Government program «Development of culture and tourism» from 2013 till 2020 years. National project «Culture». Based on the analysis of basic documents of government regulation of cultural policy, the author tried to comprehend the processes affecting the favorable cultural  development in Russia today.

Key words: Government cultural policy, strategy of government cultural policy, subjects of government cultural policy, culture, national security. 

Tikhonina S.A.

Kalentyev G.V.

Knowledge management as a factor of development of professional environment of health care institutions

The article deals with the problem of using knowledge management in the professional activities of medical workers and heads of health care institutions, the necessity of using the project-based approach in the organization of training and professional development of personnel and heads of health care organizations.

Key words: knowledge management, professional environment of the organization, project, project-based approach of training organization.

Stoyanov A.S.

Social action: reaction as reciprocal expectations

The article summarizes the author's approach to the relationship between the assessment of social actions and reciprocal expectations. An assessment of the relevance of "social expectations" in the systemic components of the structural elements of the bundle "Action - Expectation - Reaction" is given. Three types of expectations and corresponding reactions to social action are highlighted. The role of mutual conformity of expectations and evaluation of actions is noted. An assessment of the role of proverbs and folk will take in the formation of social expectations.

Key words: expectations, social action, synchronization, mutual expectations, interpretation.

Sasim A.V.

Social and philosophical basis of the Internet commun

The article considers the socio-philosophical basis of the Internet community in the context of culture and modern society. The characteristics of the Internet community are structured and described, as well as the main processes within it. Offered the option of reviewing the online community as part of modern socialization and its egoistion as self-realization.

Key words: internet community, social and philosophical basis, virtual reality, social reality, reality, computer games, gamer, virtualism, ontology, worldview, traditions, culture, Internet space, Internet environment, cultural code, egoistion.

Authors

Archpriest Sergei Mikhailovich Zinchuk, Abbot of the Holy Protection Church with. Shung Kostroma district of the Kostroma region. Kostroma State University.

Bakharev V.V., Doctor of sociology, Professor of the Department of sociology and management of Shukhov Belgorod state technological University. 

Blaginina A.P., Director of public organization «Inner resurgence of Rus».

Bunkovskaya E.M., Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Kalentyev G.V., Postgraduate Student of the Department of Sociology and Psychology, Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.

Reutova M.N., PhD in sociology, associate Professor of social technologies, Belgorod National Research University.

Sasim A.V., Candidate of Philosophy, Associate Professor of the department of Advertising and public relations, EMERCOM Academy of Civil Defense, Moscow region, Russian Federation.

Shavyrina I.V., PhD in sociology, associate Professor of sociology and management, Shukhov Belgorod state technological University.

Sipyagina E.A., Kostroma State University.

Stoyanov A.S., Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of Sociology, Institute of Public Administration, Law and Social and Humanities of the Transnistrian State University T.G. Shevchenko. Senior Lecturer of the department of «Advertising and public relations», EMERCOM Academy of Civil Defense, Moscow region, Russian Federation.

Ternovaya L.O., Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor MADI (The Moscow Automobile and Road Construction University).

Tikhonina S.A., Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Sociology and Psychology, Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.